Laboratory of General Pathology

The Laboratory of General Pathology was established in July 2025 as a result of the reorganization of the research laboratory on the basis of the Department of General Pathology. The Department of General Pathology was established in 2017 by combining pathomorphological, pathophysiological and hematological groups in the structure of the Research Laboratory of the State Educational Institution "Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education" (hereinafter – RL BelMAPE). Since 1976 pathomorphological research was headed by Professor Shved I.A., who created a new direction in pathomorphology and orthopedics for studying anomalies of the musculoskeletal system and congenital limb anomalies in children. For the first time in the world he revealed the general patterns of morphogenesis of limb anomalies and their anatomical structures. Since 2008 the pathomorphological group was headed by the leading researcher Vladimirskaya T.E., PhD in Biological Sciences. The pathophysiological group, as an experimental unit, was one of the first scientific units on the basis of which the Research Laboratory was founded. The pathophysiological group was headed by such scientists as Rimzha E.A., Doctor of Medical Sciences (2002-2006), and Veyalkina N.N., PhD in Biological Sciences (2006-2015). Since the establishment of the Department of General Pathology, the Head of the Department has been Vladimirskaya T.E., PhD, Associate Professor.

In 2024, for the series of works "New liposomal forms of targeted delivery systems for thrombolytic drugs: creation, properties and application", the scientific team represented by Agabekov V.E., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Adzerikho I. N., Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor and Vladimirskaya T.E., Ph.D, Associate Professor was awarded the prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in the field of chemical sciences and Earth sciences.

Laboratory staff

Zhilkevich Alyona Vyacheslavovna -researcher
Ustemchuk Alla Mikhailovna -researcher
Sushkevich Sofya Nikolayevna-laboratory assistant
Shulpina Nina Petrovna -laboratory assistant
Asvetimskaya Victoria Nikolayevna-laboratory assistant

Methods of clinical and experimental research:

1.Histological:

• staining (with hematoxylin and eosin);
• determination of ascorbic acid;
• identification of acidophilus cells of the pituitary gland;
• detection of (total) proteins;
• determination of glycogen;
• DNA detection;
• identification of fatty acids
• determination of acidic glucosaminoglycans;
• bone tissue staining;
• impregnation of fibrous structures of bone tissue;
• determination of neutral and acidic lipids;
• differentiated detection of muscle and connective tissues;
• identification of nucleic acids;
• identification of neural secretion;
• staining of nervous tissue;
• differentiated staining of connective tissue;
• mucus staining;
• identification of the tiger substance;
• fibrin staining;
• detection of phospholipids;
• differentiated determination of cholesterol and its ethers;
• osteoid staining;

2.Histoenzymological:

• detection of ATP-phase;
• detection of acid phosphatase;
• detection of succinate dehydrogenase;
• detection of alkaline phosphatase;

3.Apoptosis research methods - TUNEL method for detecting apoptosis in paraffin sections, frozen sections, smears, fingerprints, blood smears;

4.Immunohistochemical methods:

• study of the structural components of the cell;
• study of cell surface receptors;
• study of apoptosis marker proteins;

5. Creation, modification, saving in the computer database and printing of color micrographs

6. Morphometric method:

• determining the number of objects and the distances between them;
• determining the percentage, planar and volume ratios between objects and fields;
• Planimetry (determining the area, perimeter, length, width, and coordinates of objects and fields);
• Quantification of biomolecular marker expression using the aperio image scope morphometry program;

7. Toxicological research methods:

• determination of general toxic properties (acute, subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity);
• Implantation test;
• assessment of local irritant and skin-resorptive properties;
• study of the irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the eyes;
• determination of pyrogenicity;
• assessment of the sensitizing effect;

8.Hemostasis methods:

• platelets;
• APTT;
• MANY;
• Prothrombin time;
• thrombin time;
• fibrinogen;
• PTI;

9.Hematological methods:

• calculation of the leukocyte formula with a description of the morphology of blood cells;
• study of erythrocyte sedimentation rate;

10. Enzyme immunoassay.

The main directions of scientific research:

1. Experimental study of pathophysiological disorders in the body of laboratory animals under simulated pathological conditions of various genesis.

• Study of various aspects of general pathology.
• Study of factors contributing to the development of experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension.
• Development of clinical and laboratory criteria for the lifetime diagnosis of pathomorphological changes in heart and vascular diseases;
• Identification of the features of apoptotic cell death in humans and experimental animals in various pathological conditions.
• Investigation of the morphogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in experimental atherosclerosis.
• Study of the dynamics of the rate and nature of wound healing in human organs and tissues and experimental animals after auto- and allotransplantation of cultured cells.
• Organization and conduct of research on experimental testing of non-medicinal methods of correction of pathophysiological changes in the body of laboratory animals.
• Preclinical testing of new substances, compositions, products and devices for medical purposes;
• Development of new mechanisms for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases using immunonanocontainers containing thrombolytic agents and antiproliferative drugs.

Key results

Monograph:

• Vladimirskaya T.E. The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of ischemic myocardial injury // T.E. Vladimirskaya. – Minsk: BelMAPE, 2015. – 165 l.

Instructions:

• Instruction for use "Method of morphological examination of coronary arteries after myocardial revascularization"; Authors: Letkovskaya T.A., Yudina O.A., Vladimirskaya T.E., Shved I. A.

• Instruction for use "Method of medical prevention of restenosis in coronary artery stenting in patients with coronary artery disease"; Authors: Vladimirskaya T.E., Adzerikho I.E., Shved I.A., Alekhnovich L.I., Yatsevich O.N.;

• Instruction for use No. 089-8718 "Method of surgical treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis using laser radiation"; Authors: Vorobey A.V., Shuleyko A.Ch., Vizhinis E.I., Vladimirskaya T.E., Shved I.A.;

• Instruction for use No. 087-0718 "Method of preventing failure of pancreatico-anastomosis sutures in patients with chronic pancreatitis"; Authors: Vorobey A.V., Shuleyko A.Ch., Vizhinis E.I., Vladimirskaya T.E., Shved I.A.;

• Instruction for use No. 105-1123 "Algorithm for the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension"; Authors: Adzerikho I.E., Vladimirskaya T.E., Rimashevsky V.B., Vodianova O.V., Zhilkevich A.V., Mikhnevich D.L.

• Instruction for use No. 092-1122 "Method for determining the probability of atherosclerosis in stented coronary arteries in patients with coronary artery disease", Authors: Adzerikho I.E., Vladimirskaya T.E., Rimashevsky V.B., Zhilkevich A.V., Ustemchuk A.M.

Patents:

1. Patent for invention No. 19223 "Method for modeling focal myocardial injury in a laboratory rat". Authors: Kardash O.F., Krasnenkova T.P., Nadina N.G., Yudina O.A., Zherdetskaya N.A., Solodkaya O.I. Kolyadko M.G., Tikhonova N.G., Bulgak A.G.

2. Patent for invention No. 20957 "Method for obtaining the pectinate form of the thrombolytic drug streptokinase". Authors: Adzerikho I.E., Vladimirskaya T.E., Zhavnerko G.K., Sherstyuk G.V., Lutik I.L., Dubatovka E.I., Chernyavsky E.A.

3. Patent for invention No. 21995 "Method for producing liposomes containing streptokinase". Authors: Adzerikho I. E., Vladimirskaya T. E., Agabekov V. E., Chernyavsky E. I., Zhavnerko G. K., Sherstyuk G. V., Lutik I. L., Dubatovka E. I.

4. Patent for invention No. a20230172 "Method of experimental modeling of coronary thrombosis on the background of an immunological reaction in a rat". Authors: I.E.Adzerikho, T.E. Vladimirskaya, A.V.Zhilkevich, A.M. Ustemchuk;