One of the oldest departments of the Belarusian State Medical University is constantly active in scientific work.
Of the 23 employees, including part-time employees, 17 professors permanently participate in a number of research projects both within the BSMU and jointly with other educational and scientific institutions, clinical hospitals and scientific organizations and CRO.
In total, of the department employees 3 persons are doctors of sciences, 16 are candidates of sciences and 2 employees have no academic degree yet (continuing their thesis work). Two of them have the academic title of professor, and 10 are associate professors. Two employees are members of foreign academies.
At the Department of General Surgery, research work is carried out within the framework of Research and development programs.
Within the framework of the theme “Improvement and development of effective methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of surgical diseases and postoperative complications in patients in general and septic surgery and coloproctology” (terms of work - 2017 - 2022, state registration number 20171291, registration date July 18, 2017, the scientific supervisor is the head of the department, professor S.A. Aliaxeeu) the following Research and development programs are on the way to completion.
1. Research and development program “To develop an integrated approach to the treatment and diagnosis of patients with generalized atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta and its branches using modern surgical techniques and transplant technologies.” Terms of implementation 2020-2024.
The aim of the clinical study is to develop diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of various arterial basins. Over the past year, the collection, study and analysis of fundamental literature data on the Research and development program was carried out, individual registration form was developed including data of laboratory tests, instrumental data, and treatment in patients with generalized atherosclerosis. A single database of patients has been formed. A set of retrospective clinical material was created. Recruitment of patients into the main study group was started (prospective).
2. State Research Program “Fundamental and Applied Sciences for Medicine”. Tasks 2.42 “To develop a method for diagnosing and predicting infectious complications in patients with severe burn injury.” Terms of implementation 2015-2020. The state customer (customers) is the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus. The head organization-executor (executors) of the work is the Educational Institution “Belarusian State Medical University”. Program task code: 2.42
In the course of work on this stage, the collection of samples for immunological analyzes (ELISA, flow cytometry), and genetic polymorphisms tests was continued. As a result of the analysis of predictors among the characteristics of burn injury and age-sex criteria, a model for predicting sepsis in patients with burn disease was created based on the binary logistic regression equation. When analyzing clinical and laboratory parameters on the 2nd day after recovery from the burn shock, parameters that increase the relative risk of sepsis in severely burned patients were established. When studying the levels of immunoglobulins, markers of infectious complications and cholesterol on the 2nd day after recovery from the burn shock, it was found that the likelihood of developing sepsis in burn disease significantly increases with a decrease in immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin G and cholesterol and an increase in procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. In this study, the values of presepsin had significant, strongly and moderately close associations with other markers of inflammation. Presepsin has shown interdependence on indicators of renal function: creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, urea, positive water balance. The high relationship of presepsin with the excretory function of the kidneys is responsible for 71.4% of all false-negative results of presepsin in the diagnosis of sepsis. The values of presepsin in the study did not have significant correlations between markers of liver damage, indicators of CBS, immunoglobulin G and cortisol. On the basis of the presepsin test, a scale was created for the diagnosis of sepsis in patients with burn disease, including hypo (hyper) thermia, tachycardia, hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, respiratory failure, enteral failure, impaired mental status, thrombocytopenia, shift of the leukocyte count to the left, presepsin test. In terms of effectiveness, the scale was superior to other scales for diagnosing sepsis and the presepsin test, while the scale did not require long-term examination methods.
Within 10 years, the following dissertations were defended at the department.
2009 - PhD thesis of the applicant of the Department of Military surgery Sokolov Yu. “Correction of metabolic disorders in generalized peritonitis” (supervisor - professor Aliaxeeu SA).
2012 - PhD thesis of assistant professor of the Department of General Surgery Ginyuk V.A. “Photodynamic and photoregulatory therapy in the complex treatment of acute paraproctitis” (clinical and experimental study), supervisor - professor Rychagov G.P.
2013 - PhD thesis of the assistant professor of the Department of General Surgery Fateeva (Amelchenya) OA, “Diagnostics and treatment of acute appendicitis in pregnant women”, supervisor - professor Rychagov G.P.
2013 - PhD thesis of Doronin M.V. “Biomedical and clinical efficacy of the domestic composite hemostatic agent based on natural factors of blood coagulation 'fibrinostat” (clinical and experimental study), supervisor - associate professor (now professor) Bordakov V. N.
2014 - PhD thesis as an applicant of the Department of Military surgery and General Surgery Tarasenko A.V. “Clinical and immunological features of diagnosis and treatment of destructive pancreatitis”, supervisor - Professor Aliaxeeu SA
2015 - PhD thesis assistant professor of the Department of General Surgery P.P. Koshevski “Prediction and prevention of pyoinflammatory complications in patients with obstructive jaundice of non-neoplastic genesis”, supervisor - Professor Aliaxeeu SA
2018– PhD thesis of the applicant of the department, combustiologist of the burn center of the Emergency Minsk Hospital, assistant professor of the department of plastic surgery and combustiology of BelMAPE Evgeny Viktorovich Zhilinsky “Prediction, early diagnosis and prevention of sepsis in burn disease”, carried out under the scientific supervision of the head of the department of general surgery, Dr. med. Sci., Professor S.A. Aliaxeeu.
On the topics of research work carried out at the department, the staff proposed many methods of treatment, methods of diagnosis, prevention, which is reflected in patented inventions, monographs, scientific collections.
In 2020, the following master's theses were defended
- Kobakhidze, Alexander “Morphological types of pancreatic necrosis according to the data of retrospective pathologic-anatomical analysis”, supervisor - associate professor Koshevsky PP.
- Jeremiah, Abraham Nene “Prognostic factors of unfavorable outcomes of acute destructive pancreatitis”, supervisor - professor Aliaxeeu S.А.
- Pan, Zhui “Comparative methods of traditional and minimally invasive treatment of hemorrhoids”, supervisor - professor Aliaxeeu S.А.
The following monographs and textbooks for students and professional guidelines were created by department members.
Currently, the department is training the following highly qualified scientific workers.
Professor Aliaxeeu S.A. is a scientific consultant of the doctoral dissertation of Derkachev VS, associate professor of the Department of General Surgery, on the topic “Diagnostics, prediction, treatment and prevention of pyoinflammatory complications in patients with post-traumatic osteomyelitis.” Terms of work 2015-2020. The dissertation work offers one of the solutions to the urgent problem of surgery, orthopedics and traumatology - the treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis of long bones using contemporary cellular technologies - mesenchymal stem cells.
Professor Aliaxeeu S.A. is the scientific supervisor of following candidate dissertations:
- applicant Klimuk S.A. “Methods for predicting and methods of complex treatment of erysipelas”. The dissertation work examines the issues of modern diagnostics and treatment of severe forms of erysipelas using ozone-pressure technologies and methods of local stimulation of repair with the help of hyaluronic acid;
- applicant Dudko A.A. “Treatment of destructive pancreatitis”. The dissertation work examines the issues of modern diagnostics (presepsin test) and treatment of severe forms of destructive pancreatitis with the use of modern immunostimulants and ozone-suppressive technologies;
- applicant Olesyuk D.V. “Features of the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundice using ozone-suppressive technologies.” The dissertation work examines the issues of modern diagnostics and treatment of obstructive jaundice of non-neoplastic genesis with the use of ozone-pressure technologies (introduction into the umbilical vein) of ozonized solutions.
- PhD student of the Department of General Surgery Krivonosova L.V. “The choice of hernioplasty for complex and recurrent inguinal hernias, taking into account local tissue changes and the introduction of a combination of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid.” Scientific work offers modern approaches to solving one of the most common pathologies in the clinic - surgical treatment of inguinal hernias.
In the 2020-21 academic year, the department continues to work with the Student Scientific Society, supervisor is Pavel Petrovich Koshevsky, associate professor. A meetings of the student society are held every month. In 2020, in the department 16 student scientific works were completed.
A scientific and pedagogical school has been formed and is operating, the development of new knowledge and technologies continues (photodynamic therapy in coloproctology, the use of stem cells in the treatment of osteomyelitis, obstructive jaundice of non-neoplastic genesis, the use of laparoscopic methods in the treatment of surgical pathology in pregnant women, diagnosis and prediction of infectious complications in patients with severe burn injury), based on the knowledge gained, new teaching aids are created on the topics of the curriculum.
In 2020, a team of authors (Aliaxeeu S.A., Klimuk S.A., Bezvoditskaya A.A., Grachev S.S.) received a patent for “A method of treating skin defects formed after destructive forms of erysipelas” (№ 23026 on 15.04.2020г.).
As of 01.01.2021 there were also the following patents valid (supported) on the territory of Belarus.
- Patent for invention “Method of intravascular recanalization of occlusive lesion of the main artery of the lower extremity” No. 20570, registered in the State Register of Inventions on July 27, 2016. Authors: Azerikho I.E. Yanushko V.A., Mrochek A.G., Chur S.N., Minchenya V.T.
Patent for invention “Method for the diagnosis of sepsis in severe thermal injury.” Patent RB dated 09.10.2017 No. 21576 for application No. a 20160020. Authors: E. V. Zhilinsky, A. Ch. Chasnoit, S. A. Aliaxeeu.