The department is located at the 3rd Clinical Hospital named after E.V. Klumov. The hospital includes two departments of eye microsurgery, as well as the city ophthalmological consultation center, and the 4th children's clinical hospital of Minsk, where the ophthalmological service has the status of the Republican center. They are equipped with modern diagnostic equipment. This provides an opportunity for early diagnostics of all the complicated eye diseases.
Employees study etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of pathology of optical media of the eye, vascular and dystrophic diseases of retina and optic nerve, as well as viral diseases of eye.
Development of microsurgical interventions and perfection of sutureless cataract surgery, operations on glaucoma, reconstructive and reconstructive surgery on corneal, vitreous body and retinal pathologies introduced into clinical practice are important aspects of the work of the department.
The department has implemented modern technologies for cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of different types of intraocular lenses.
The Department of Eye Diseases of the Belarusian State Medical University has implemented a method of treating neovascular subretinal membranes with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in everyday practice. Supplementing it with subtenon corticosteroid and local therapy against vascular endothelial growth factor (ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab) made it possible to introduce a three-component treatment of retinal diseases. There are rooms for receiving patients with retinal pathology.
Vitreoretinal interventions for vitreous body and retinal pathologies are performed using perfluoron, silicone, endolasercoagulation and expanding gases.
Modern methods of diagnostics and treatment of glaucoma are used. New algorithms for primary examination of patients with a diagnosis of «suspected glaucoma» using optical coherence tomography have been introduced for timely detection of the disease. Based on OCT data a technique was developed for assessing anatomical structures of the anterior segment of the eye and their structural features in healthy subjects and glaucoma patients. It allowed to work out indications for differentiated medicamentous, laser and surgical treatment of patients with this pathology.
A method for predicting the results of peripheral laser iridectomy in patients with primary closed-angle glaucoma has been proposed; a method of optical coherence tomography, which allows to determine the presence and severity of pathological changes, to reveal the predominant pathogenetic mechanism of the anterior chamber angle closure in patients with primary glaucoma has been developed.
For the first time OCT morphometric parameters of the anterior and posterior eye segments were determined in ophthalmologically healthy Belarusian children in different age groups. At the same time a high informative value of UBM was established at pathological processes in the ciliary body and retroiridal space.
The department has shown the effectiveness of complex treatment of glaucoma patients with a combined effect - the use of anti-glaucoma drugs from different pharmacological groups, surgical interventions, schemes of neuroprotective therapy.
Modern modifications of operations of micro drainage of the angle of anterior chamber using modern collagen antiglaucoma drainage, Express drainage, Ahmed drainage, which allow effective reduction of intraocular pressure in various types and stages of the disease, are introduced in practice of surgical treatment of primary glaucoma patients. Laser hypotensive surgery – selective trabeculoplasty, providing selective sparing effect on the drainage area of the eye - has shown high degree of effectiveness.
DNA diagnosis of hereditary Leber optic atrophy of the optic nerves is performed in the 4th City Clinical Children's Hospital in Minsk. A large volume of surgical interventions for children's eye pathology is performed. The complex of conservative and surgical treatment of burn injuries in children is implemented, plastic surgeries are performed on the appendages of the eye and the eyeball, operations on the vertical muscles of the eye in case of strabismus are widely introduced. In pediatric practice modern methods of diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of children with retinopathy of prematurity are used.
Corneal transplants are performed in the department for therapeutic, optical purposes and for reconstructive and restorative operations on the front segment of the eye after injuries and diseases. Amniotic membrane transplantation is used. Various types of layer-by-layer keratoplasty with use of automatic lamellar microkeratome Moria are performed; surgical reconstruction of conjunctival cavity, corneal surface with conjunctival-limbal transplantation during rehabilitation of patients with burn leukoma.
The Department has initiated the development of new original domestic pharmacological drugs for the treatment of ophthalmopathology. These include medications for treatment of ophthalmoherpes - Nucleavir 3% eye ointment and Butaminophen 2% ointment; Lakemox drops for treatment of «dry» eye syndrome, Diavitol neuroretinoprotector. All drugs are produced in the Republic of Belarus (RUE «Belmedpreparaty»).
Matrix tables of contrast optotypes have been developed and introduced into medical practice for determination of eye resolution and contrast sensitivity by express diagnostic method.